DESCRIPTION: Xylamed Injection is a pre-anesthetic medication that is intended for use before local or general anesthesia. It can also be used in situations requiring short analgesic duration and a sedative state. The medication calms animals, which makes fractious animal handling easier for diagnostic procedures, cast or splint application, dental procedures, and minor surgeries.
Key Benefits:
This non-narcotic, sedative, analgesic medication is a muscle relaxant. Its sedative and analgesic properties are associated with its depressant action on the central nervous system. Its muscle-relaxing activity is associated with inhibition of intraneural transmission on the impulses of the central nervous system. The main effect of this drug may be seen within 4 to 5 minutes post-injection for intravenous administration, and within 10 to 15 minutes post-injection for intramuscular administration. A sleep-like state will last for 1 to 2 hours (depending upon the dosage rate administered), and analgesia will last for 15 to 30 minutes. This muscle relaxant works centrally, which causes relaxation of the skeletal musculature and complements sedation and analgesia.
Formulated For: Intended for cervidae, and horses.
How is Medication Given? In Cervidae, administer intramuscularly with a syringe dart or hand syringe in the heavy shoulder or croup muscles. Recommended Dosage Rates:
Elk (Cervus canadensis)-0.25 to 0.5 mL/100 lbs body weight (0.25 to 0.5 mg/lb). White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus)-1.0 to 2.0 mL/100 lbs body weight (1.0 to 2.0 mg/lb). Sika Deer (Cervus nippon)-1.0 to 2.0 mL/100 lbs body weight (1.0 to 2.0 mg/lb). Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus)-1.0 to 2.0 mL/100 lbs body weight (1.0 to 2.0 mg/lb). Fallow Deer (Dama dama)-2.0 to 4.0 mL/100 lbs body weight (2.0 to 4.0 mg/lb).
After injection, allow the animal to quietly rest until he or she reaches fulleffect. The recommended dosage rates are typically maintained for a period of 1 to 2 hours, with analgesia lasting for 15 to 30 minutes. In horses:
Administer intramuscularly (at a rate of 1 mL for every 100 pounds of body weight) or intravenously (at a rate of 0.5 mL for every 100 pounds of body weight). After injection, allow the animal to quietly rest until he or she reaches full effect. The recommended dosage rates are typically maintained for a period of 1 to 2 hours, with analgesia lasting for 15 to 30 minutes. When used as prescribed, XylaMed may be administered concomitantly with local anesthetics, like lidocaine or procaine, as a preanesthetic to local anesthesia. When used as prescribed as a preanesthetic to general anesthesia, XylaMed will produce an additive effect with central nervous depressants like thiamylal sodium, thiopental sodium, or pentobarbital sodium. For this reason, dosage rates of those compounds should be reduced and given to desiredeffect. Generally, only 1/3 or 1/2 of the calculated barbiturate dosage rate will be required for surgical anesthesia. Emergence excitement or post-anesthetic excitement were not observed in animals preanesthesized with this drug. It is successfully used as a preanesthetic for the aforementioned drugs, as well as methoxyflurane, glyceryl guaiacolate, halothane, and ether.
What Results Can I Expect? Xylamed is used for:In horses:
Abdominal palpation Rectal palpation Vaginal examinations Bladder catheterization Radiographic examinations Oral and ophthalmic examinations Diagnostic procedures Orthopedic procedures, such as cast and splint application Dental procedures Minor, short surgical procedures, such as debridement, suturing lacerations, and removal of cutaneous neoplasms Facilitating calming and handling of fractious animals Therapy for sedation and pain relief following injuries or surgeries Concomitant local anesthesia during minor surgical procedures Pre-anesthetic prior to local anesthesia for major surgical proceduresIn cervidae: Facilitating calming and handling of fractious animals Diagnostic procedures Minor surgical procedures Therapy for sedation and pain relief following injuries or surgeries Pre-anesthetic prior to local anesthesia
What Form Does Medication Come In? Injectable
Dose and Administration: Sold in a vial containing 50 mL (100 mg per mL).
Possible Side Effects: At the prescribed dosage rate, potential side effects include:
Elevated temperature Protruding tongue Audible grinding of molar teeth Vocalization upon expiration Salivation Sweating (typically non-profuse) Movement in response to sharp auditory stimuli Slight muscle tremors Bradycardia and partial A-V heart block Reduced respiratory rate
Precautions: Keep out of reach of animals and children.In cervidae and horses:
Risks and benefits should be weighed before using this medication in an animal with significant respiratory depression, severe pathological heart disease, advanced liver or kidney disease, severe endotoxic or traumatic shock, or animals who are stressed as a result of extreme heat, extreme cold, high altitudes, or fatigue. Do not administer concomitantly with a tranquilizer. The analgesic effect of this medication varies. Carefully assess the depth of analgesia required before a clinical or surgical procedure. Most variations occur at distal extremities of horses and cervidae. Administer cautiously, as defense reactions could stay intact.
In horses:
Administer cautiously in animals taking a central nervous system depressant. Products that produce respiratory depression (such as Thiamylal Sodium) or apnea should be administered at a reduced dosed and, when administering intravenously, should be given slowly. Never allow for intracarotid arterial injection to occur. Violent seizures can occur immediately, followed by collapse of the animal. While these effects are transient and recovery is rapid and complete, the carotid artery should be avoided, and the medication should only be injected into the animal's jugular vein. Bradycardia, arrhythmia, and incomplete atrioventricular block may occur in animals taking this medication. The most effective animal sedation occurs when transportation is initiated after the drug has reached its full effect and the animal is standing and stable.
In cervidae:
Only administer to fasted animals to prevent food aspiration into the animal's lungs and/or bloat under sedation. Administer carefully into the croup or heavy shoulder muscles. Administering subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or into a fat deposit can have an unpredictable result. Do not inject intra-arterially. Immediately, violent seizures can occur, followed by collapse, uponarterial injection. Wait until the drug has reached its full effect before disturbing the animal. This is typically 10 to 15 minutes post-injection. The average time for the drug to reach initial effect is 2 to 5 minutes. Be aware of this interval prior to administering to a free-range deer or elk, especially at night or in a heavily wooded area. If underdosed (due to faulty dosing or miscalculation of weight), wait one hour before administering a second dose. Appropriate ventilation should be ensured, especially in cages or crates. The head and neck should be kept in position to ensure air passage and mitigate the risk of aspiration of stomach contents. During sedation, do not allow the animal to assume lateral recumbency. The ideal position is a sternal recumbent position. Prevent the animal from rising, to the best of your ability, until he or she is completely recovered. Animals should be protected from extreme heat or cold when under the effect of this medi 
